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open-pit mine ![click to hear : open-pit mine click to hear : open-pit mine](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Type of mining that is used for shallow deposits; coal or ore is extracted by digging a succession of benches from the surface of the ground downward.
crater ![click to hear : crater click to hear : crater](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Depression that forms the bottom of the quarry; it is a result of the extraction of deposits.
haulage road ![click to hear : haulage road click to hear : haulage road](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Access road leading to the quarry; it is used to haul coal to the treatment plant.
ore ![click to hear : ore click to hear : ore](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Solid fossil fuel that is black and contains a large amount of carbon.
bench height ![click to hear : bench height click to hear : bench height](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Vertical distance between the horizontal planes of two benches.
ramp ![click to hear : ramp click to hear : ramp](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Roadway between two benches; it is inclined so that motorized vehicles can remove the ore extracted from the various levels.
overburden ![click to hear : overburden click to hear : overburden](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Part of the ground that covers the ore beds; it is removed to reach the deposit.
ground surface ![click to hear : ground surface click to hear : ground surface](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
The land that covers the deposit.
face ![click to hear : face click to hear : face](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Vertical surface created by dynamiting a deposit to extract its ore.
bench ![click to hear : bench click to hear : bench](../../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
The levels of a quarry that are arranged like steps of a staircase and from which coal or ore is extracted.