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frame ![click to hear : frame click to hear : frame](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Assembly of members that consists of the load-bearing structure of a building and that provides stability to it.
window sill ![click to hear : window sill click to hear : window sill](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Level member at the bottom of a window opening.
stud ![click to hear : stud click to hear : stud](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Vertical member used in walls to support the double plate and to which the wall covering is attached.
girder ![click to hear : girder click to hear : girder](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Especially strong level member transferring the load above it to its supporting wall.
ledger ![click to hear : ledger click to hear : ledger](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Level member located along a girder and supporting the ends of the floor joists.
brace ![click to hear : brace click to hear : brace](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Vertical or diagonal member used to strengthen the studs and to keep them from deforming.
bridging ![click to hear : bridging click to hear : bridging](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Structure composed of two members forming an X and placed between the joists to reinforce them and keep them from deforming.
floor joist ![click to hear : floor joist click to hear : floor joist](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Level member resting on a ledger and a sill plate and intended to support the floor.
end joist ![click to hear : end joist click to hear : end joist](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Member perpendicular and attached to the floor joists at their ends to form the exterior framework.
corner stud ![click to hear : corner stud click to hear : corner stud](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Strong stud located at the corner of the frame.
foundation ![click to hear : foundation click to hear : foundation](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Part of the wall located below ground level and wider than the wall itself, which it supports; it is usually made of cement.
sill plate ![click to hear : sill plate click to hear : sill plate](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Member anchored to the top of the foundation wall; the floor joists and the end joists rest on it.
strut ![click to hear : strut click to hear : strut](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Member placed between two studs to keep them evenly spaced and to increase stability and strength.
subfloor ![click to hear : subfloor click to hear : subfloor](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Planks or plywood laid on floor joists; the floor covering is in turn laid on it.
sheathing ![click to hear : sheathing click to hear : sheathing](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Wall covering attached directly to the frame serving as a base or support upon which to nail other facings.
rafter ![click to hear : rafter click to hear : rafter](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Diagonal frame member of a sloped roof resting against the tie beam and the double plate; it supports the roof.
tie beam ![click to hear : tie beam click to hear : tie beam](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Beam forming the hip of a sloped roof and against which the rafters rest.
gable stud ![click to hear : gable stud click to hear : gable stud](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Vertical member of a frame transferring the roof’s load to the double plate.
double plate ![click to hear : double plate click to hear : double plate](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Level double member attached to the top ends of the studs; it also supports ceiling joists and rafters.
ceiling joist ![click to hear : ceiling joist click to hear : ceiling joist](../../images/speaker-vert.gif)
Level member to which the ceiling sheathing is attached; for a sloped ceiling, it is usually attached to the rafters.